Geotechnical Engineering 

This area involves studying soil behavior and designing foundations, retaining walls, and embankments to ensure structural stability. Engineers analyze soil conditions to mitigate risks like landslides and settlement. Key roles include Geotechnical Engineer, Foundation Engineer, and Soil Mechanics Specialist.

This area focuses on designing structures to withstand seismic activity and prevent slope failures. Engineers assess ground stability and reinforce slopes, cliffs, and embankments. Common roles include Seismic Geotechnical Engineer, Slope Stability Engineer, and Rock Mechanics Engineer.

This area deals with the design and construction of tunnels, underground transportation systems, and subsurface infrastructure. Engineers work on excavation methods, ground reinforcement, and safety measures. Key roles include Tunnel Engineer, Underground Construction Engineer, and Geotechnical Risk Analyst.

This area involves assessing ground conditions before construction and implementing techniques to enhance soil strength and stability. Engineers conduct site surveys, soil testing, and land remediation. Key roles include Geotechnical Site Engineer, Ground Improvement Engineer, and Geophysical Surveyor.